DICTATIONS AND THEIR TYPES

Abdulkhaeva Musharraf Usmonjon kizi

Kokand State Pedagogical Institute Direction of Education and the theory and Methods of Education (Primary Education), 1 -Year Master

Annotation

This article is about dictation and its types. It provides detailed information on the types of dictations. Here's a few basic facts about a stomp pad and how it is used. It explains the purpose of dictation from elementary school students.

Keywords: dictation, educational dictation, dictionary dictation, elective dictation, default dictation, memorized dictation, emphasis dictation, annotated dictation, creative dictation, free dictation, review dictation

"Primary school should lay the foundation for the full development of children, the development of fast, conscious, expressive reading, arithmetic, literacy, advanced speech, cultural and behavioral skills, perfect people." [1]

For this reason, it is useful to teach children to write dictation in the development of hearing and vision skills of primary school students . [2] 1, to teach children to write dictation - first of all, and the board in the classroom teaching writing. Students’written speech is then developed by teaching them to listen to syllables, words and phrases and check that they are spelled correctly.

A special way to learn spelling is dictation. Dictation is derived from the Latin word “dicto”, which means “to tell”, “to tell”, “to speak and to speak”. Dictation is one of the most common written speech, textual analytical -synthetic exercises, which consists of repetition of what is heard, that is, the process of expressing in writing the text or its individual elements received by hearing . Dictation is one of the most common writing exercises that determines students’grammatical spelling and punctuation literacy . It determines students' grammar, spelling and punctuation literacy. The role of dictation in mother tongue teaching is great and should not be overlooked. In order to record a dictation without complete errors, the teacher is required to choose the text correctly and recite it in accordance with the rules of pronunciation.

For primary school students, a number of principles should be followed when choosing a text: the selected text should be based on the level of mastery of students, the content of the text should be derived from events in the life of students, for dictation the resulting text should give students educational and pedagogical knowledge, and the event repeated in the text should be repeated 5 or 6 times.

"Dictation is the writing of the text of a spoken word, sentence, connected speech" [3] .

“ Dictations come in two forms: i. The academic dictation. ii. Inspection dictation. ” [4]

Educational diktantlar only education, directing TI digital, writing workshops and language courses to reinforce the theme. There are no special hours for educational dictations. Educational type and location of the teacher himself.

There are the following types of educational dictation in primary school:

Dictionary dictation.
Elective dictation.
Default dictation.
Memorized dictation.
Emphasis dictation.
Annotated dictation.
Creative dictation.
Free dictation.

Test dictation is taken to test students' knowledge, skills, and abilities, how well they have learned to spell words. The inspection dictation is taken after a section has been studied or at the end of the quarter. It is taken 5 or 6 times a year.

Dictionary dictation

Dictionary dictation consists of teaching the meaning and essence of a word in the native language, directing the word to feel. A special place in this is given to the acquisition of the meaning of the word, the formation of the ability to use it correctly and appropriately in speech. [5]

L g'at impostor himself, pronunciation and the meaning of his words before the speech about the immune concepts. Then each word is recited by a separate teacher.

We can also use pictures to record dictionary dictations. for this, the children are shown the pictures and asked what is depicted in the picture, and the students write the names of the objects depicted in the picture and put a comma between them. After writing, students open the dictionary in their books or check it independently, and then the teacher checks and evaluates.

When taking dictionary dictations, it is necessary to take into account the age characteristics of children: 8 words in the 2nd grade, 10 -12 words in the 3rd grade, 12 -15 words in the 4th grade. [6]

Selective dictation

Selective dictation - in this case, students do not write the whole text, but only the part that corresponds to the task given by the teacher. For example: 1st graders are taught the topic of capitalized words in their native language class. In order to reinforce this topic, if a text is given and students are asked to write only capitalized words , in this optional dictation, children write capitalized words. Selective dictation is aimed at consolidating children's knowledge of the previous topic and determining the level of mastery.

Default dictation

Start the default dictation diarrhea class all their. To do this, a text that corresponds to the topic covered in the class section is selected from the dictation book. The text is shown to the children with the help of a projector during the lesson and is read expressively, not in a hurry, depending on the period, comma. The words that need to be explained are explained to the students and the content of the text is reinforced. When the projector is turned off, the text is hidden for a while and the text is dictated by the teacher.

Once the dictation has been recorded, the dictation is released through the screen and students check for errors in the dictation they have written.

Memorized dictation

Memorized writing is also called dictation or own dictation. This type of dictation is taken from all elementary school students. For dictation, the text can be sent home to memorize in advance, or the child can be read by the teacher two or three times without rushing, and the content of the text can be explained to two or three students. Children are given time to memorize. When the time is up, the mantle is closed. Students memorize the texts they have memorized. The text is displayed on the screen. Students independently check whether the text is correct or incorrect. It is obvious that memorization dictation not only develops children's oral and written speech, but also shapes their memory and memory skills.

Emphasis dictation

Emphasis dictation plays a special role in students' conscious mastery of spelling and punctuation rules. [7] Before writing an emphatic dictation, the rules learned in the course are recalled to give an idea of which words to focus on. Emphasis dictation does not have to be given from a dictation book alone. Native language can also be given from textbooks. The reason is that the text is sent to students to read at home. This is because the purpose of taking an emphatic dictation is to determine and reinforce their ability to apply the learned spelling rules in practice.

Annotated dictation

Annotated dictation is appropriate for all grades of elementary school. It is taken in order to remind the reader and emphasize the spelling of difficult words in the text. The text is written to the students but the spelling is not mentioned. Students check together after they have written the text and find out which words were misspelled. The misspelled words are spelled correctly or incorrectly by another student, and the misspelled word is written on the board . In this way, student’s correct mistakes and omissions in the text they have written. This will definitely help to increase students’written speech and literacy. We can also choose annotated dictation from students’textbooks. Students can also check their writing using their books.

Creative dictation

Creative dictation reinforces the knowledge that children have acquired and shapes it so that they can use it correctly in the writing process . Develops children's creative and independent thinking skills by developing their oral and written speech.

Children are prepared for creative dictation from the time of literacy. The reason is that if we look at the alphabet textbook, we see that different pictures are given and empty cells are placed, or dots are placed between words and letters are omitted. For example, replace the dots with the letter x or h. Ta.ta (board), mi. (mix), ba.o (rating), ja.on (world) [8] . In some native language textbooks, we may find that a word is omitted between sentences, that a question is asked to be answered, or that words are given in a mixed state. For example, write a word that matches the content of the sentences. Here is the spring too ……. Ona nature ……. Words to replace dots: came, woke up. [9] Hence, the above examples show that creative dictation can take two forms. 1. Make and write a sentence using the given words. 2. Compose and write sentences based on mixed words.

Free dictation

Free dictation develops students' oral and written speech, increases literacy. For free dictation, a text that is small in size and contains words that do not make it difficult for children to write is selected. If there are words in the mantle that are difficult for children to understand, write, or have not yet learned, they can be replaced by another word without changing the content of the sentence. This means that free dictation is read to children two or three times. The children rewrite the text without changing the content. For example, I am going to the doctor, my friend got sick. [10] My friend became ill, I can write as if I was going to the doctor.

Examination dictation

Examination dictation is mainly taken to determine the level of consolidation and mastery of the knowledge acquired by students on a given chapter. The number of words for the test dictation will be specified in the DTS at the intersection of classes .

In short, the main purpose of taking dictation from primary school students is to develop their oral and written speech, increase their literacy, and develop their ability to think independently. Choosing the right dictation requires great skill from the teacher. Because the dictation text must be chosen correctly, the text must be based on the topics covered and chosen on a topic that is close to the children’s lives. Only then can children write the given text correctly and without mistakes.

List of used Literature:

K.Abdullayeva, M.Yusupov, D. Abdullayeva “Collection of dictations” (Manual for first grade teachers) TASHKENT “ TEACHER” 1997 3 p.
K.Abdullayeva, S.Rahmonbekova “Dictation collection” for primary school students (revised second edition) TASHKENT “VECTOR - PRESS” 2011 - page 3
Goyibna zar Ernazarov “Methods of teaching mother tongue in primary school” Handbook for pedagogical colleges 4th edition Tashkent - “ILM ZIYO” - 2013 - 149 pages
B.Tukhliyev, M.Shamsiyeva, T.Ziyodova "Methods of teaching the Uzbek language" by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education for students of philology of pedagogical universities and institutes of higher education 'Recommended as a study guide. Publishing House of the Literary Fund of the Writers' Union of Uzbekistan Tashkent - 2006. 88 - bet.
G.Ziyodullayeva, M.Mamadiyeva, Sh.Tashmirzayeva “Collection of dictations in the native language and criteria for its assessment” Teacher's guide. Tashkent “Yangi Nashr” 2018, page 8
T.Gafforova, E.Shodmonov, H.Gulomova Textbook for 1st grade students of secondary schools "Ona tili". Eighth edition Sharq Publishing House - Editor -in -Chief of Marbaa Joint Stock Company Tashkent 2012 - 19 pages. Exercise 31
K.Kasimova, S.Fuzailov, A.Nematova Textbook for the 2nd grade of secondary schools "Mother tongue". Revised and supplemented twelfth edition. The publishing house named after Cholpon is a creative house of printing. Tashkent - 2018 .123 - page 280 - exercise.
G.Asatova Development of lessons on vocational guidance of 1st grade students (Methodical manual) Tashkent - 2008. 7 - bet.